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Models get more useful when they can act through tools. Learn the difference between hosted tools, your own functions, and MCP-connected capabilities.
A model without tools can only answer from context. A model with tools can search, retrieve files, call your code, inspect a browser, run a shell command in a harness, or ask an MCP server for domain-specific actions.
| Tool type | Use it for | Main design risk |
|---|---|---|
| Function calling | Your app's private data and actions | Bad schemas or unsafe side effects |
| Web search | Fresh public facts | Untrusted sources and citation quality |
| File search | Private document retrieval | Chunking and permission boundaries |
| Remote MCP | External systems exposed as tools | Approval and trust model |
| Shell or apply patch | Coding-agent workflows | Command safety and review |
| Computer use | UI automation | Slow brittle actions and account risk |
const response = await client.responses.create({
model: "gpt-5.5",
tools: [{ type: "web_search" }],
input: "Summarize today's product update and include source links.",
});Hosted tools can be attached directly to a Responses request.The big idea: tools make models useful because they connect language to systems. That is also why tools need boundaries.
15 questions · take it digitally for instant feedback at tendril.neural-forge.io/learn/quiz/end-openai-tool-use-creators
A model that can only answer using information in its context window is limited to what type of knowledge?
What is the primary purpose of function calling in an AI system?
A developer is building a feature where an AI assistant searches the web for current news. What is the most significant design risk they should monitor?
What does MCP stand for in the context of AI tool ecosystems?
A company wants an AI assistant that can read internal policy documents stored in a private repository. Which tool type is most appropriate?
What is computer use primarily intended for in AI tool frameworks?
According to the safety pattern described, how should read-only tools be handled?
A developer is integrating a tool that can modify billing information in a customer database. What safety measure does the lesson strongly recommend?
Why should tool results be treated as data rather than instructions?
What is the primary purpose of using narrow schemas when defining write tools?
A development team wants to use shell commands in their AI coding agent. What is the primary safety concern?
What does the safety pattern recommend for dangerous local tools that could harm the system?
A company connects their AI assistant to an external MCP server that can access their CRM, ticketing system, and analytics platform. What approval model should they implement?
What is the main risk specific to file search tools compared to other tool types?
An AI assistant with computer use capability is automating a travel booking workflow. What is a key limitation of this approach?